个性化的自然语言生成可解释的建议在证明为什么建议可能与用户的兴趣相匹配的原因中起着关键作用。现有模型通常通过软约束（例如〜方面计划）来控制发电过程。在有希望的同时，这些方法难以正确地生成特定的信息，这阻止了产生的解释内容丰富和多样化。在本文中，我们提出了UCEPIC，这是一个解释生成模型，该模型统一了可控个性化生成的方面计划和词汇约束。具体而言，我们首先通过提出的强大插入过程预先培训非人性化的文本生成器，以便模型能够生成包含词汇约束的句子。然后，我们演示了将方面计划和个性化引用纳入插入过程的方法，以获得个性化的解释。与先前由软限制控制的工作相比，UCEPIC结合了来自钥匙拼的特定信息，然后很大程度上提高了生成的解释的多样性和信息性。对RateBeer和Yelp的广泛实验表明，UCEPIC可以为建议产生高质量和不同的解释。

捆绑式推荐系统向用户推荐一组物品（例如裤子，衬衫和鞋子），但他们经常遇到两个问题：重大的互动稀疏性和大型输出空间。在这项工作中，我们扩展了多轮对话建议（MCR）以减轻这些问题。 MCR是使用对话范式通过询问标签（例如类别或属性）的用户偏好来引起用户兴趣的MCR，并在多个回合中处理用户反馈，是一个新兴的建议设置，以获取用户反馈并缩小输出空间，但具有缩小的输出空间没有在捆绑建议的背景下探索。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个名为Bundle MCR的新颖推荐任务。我们首先提出了一个新框架，以将MCR作为Markov决策过程（MDP），其中有多个代理，用于用户建模，咨询和反馈处理。在此框架下，我们向（1）推荐项目，（2）提出问题和（3）基于捆绑感的对话状态来管理对话。此外，要有效地训练Bunt，我们提出了两阶段的培训策略。在离线预训练阶段，Bunt使用多个披肩任务进行训练，以模仿对话中的捆绑互动。然后，在在线微调阶段，用户交互增强了Bunt代理。我们在多个离线数据集以及人类评估上进行的实验显示了将MCR框架扩展到捆绑设置的价值以及我们的Bunt设计的有效性。

现有的解释模型仅生成建议的文本，但仍然难以生产各种内容。在本文中，为了进一步丰富解释，我们提出了一项名为“个性化展示”的新任务，其中我们同时提供文本和视觉信息来解释我们的建议。具体来说，我们首先选择一个个性化图像集，该图与用户对推荐物品的兴趣最相关。然后，自然语言解释将相应地产生我们的选定图像。对于这项新任务，我们从Google Local（即〜maps）收集一个大规模数据集，并构建一个用于生成多模式说明的高质量子集。我们提出了一个个性化的多模式框架，可以通过对比度学习产生多样化和视觉上的解释。实验表明，我们的框架受益于不同方式作为输入，并且与以前的各种评估指标相比，能够产生更多样化和表达的解释。

Designing experiments often requires balancing between learning about the true treatment effects and earning from allocating more samples to the superior treatment. While optimal algorithms for the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (MABP) provide allocation policies that optimally balance learning and earning, they tend to be computationally expensive. The Gittins Index (GI) is a solution to the MABP that can simultaneously attain optimality and computationally efficiency goals, and it has been recently used in experiments with Bernoulli and Gaussian rewards. For the first time, we present a modification of the GI rule that can be used in experiments with exponentially-distributed rewards. We report its performance in simulated 2- armed and 3-armed experiments. Compared to traditional non-adaptive designs, our novel GI modified design shows operating characteristics comparable in learning (e.g. statistical power) but substantially better in earning (e.g. direct benefits). This illustrates the potential that designs using a GI approach to allocate participants have to improve participant benefits, increase efficiencies, and reduce experimental costs in adaptive multi-armed experiments with exponential rewards.

Transformer has achieved impressive successes for various computer vision tasks. However, most of existing studies require to pretrain the Transformer backbone on a large-scale labeled dataset (e.g., ImageNet) for achieving satisfactory performance, which is usually unavailable for medical images. Additionally, due to the gap between medical and natural images, the improvement generated by the ImageNet pretrained weights significantly degrades while transferring the weights to medical image processing tasks. In this paper, we propose Bootstrap Own Latent of Transformer (BOLT), a self-supervised learning approach specifically for medical image classification with the Transformer backbone. Our BOLT consists of two networks, namely online and target branches, for self-supervised representation learning. Concretely, the online network is trained to predict the target network representation of the same patch embedding tokens with a different perturbation. To maximally excavate the impact of Transformer from limited medical data, we propose an auxiliary difficulty ranking task. The Transformer is enforced to identify which branch (i.e., online/target) is processing the more difficult perturbed tokens. Overall, the Transformer endeavours itself to distill the transformation-invariant features from the perturbed tokens to simultaneously achieve difficulty measurement and maintain the consistency of self-supervised representations. The proposed BOLT is evaluated on three medical image processing tasks, i.e., skin lesion classification, knee fatigue fracture grading and diabetic retinopathy grading. The experimental results validate the superiority of our BOLT for medical image classification, compared to ImageNet pretrained weights and state-of-the-art self-supervised learning approaches.

Text clustering and topic extraction are two important tasks in text mining. Usually, these two tasks are performed separately. For topic extraction to facilitate clustering, we can first project texts into a topic space and then perform a clustering algorithm to obtain clusters. To promote topic extraction by clustering, we can first obtain clusters with a clustering algorithm and then extract cluster-specific topics. However, this naive strategy ignores the fact that text clustering and topic extraction are strongly correlated and follow a chicken-and-egg relationship. Performing them separately fails to make them mutually benefit each other to achieve the best overall performance. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised text clustering and topic extraction framework (ClusTop) which integrates text clustering and topic extraction into a unified framework and can achieve high-quality clustering result and extract topics from each cluster simultaneously. Our framework includes four components: enhanced language model training, dimensionality reduction, clustering and topic extraction, where the enhanced language model can be viewed as a bridge between clustering and topic extraction. On one hand, it provides text embeddings with a strong cluster structure which facilitates effective text clustering; on the other hand, it pays high attention on the topic related words for topic extraction because of its self-attention architecture. Moreover, the training of enhanced language model is unsupervised. Experiments on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework and provide benchmarks for different model combinations in this framework.

This paper illustrates the technologies of user next intent prediction with a concept knowledge graph. The system has been deployed on the Web at Alipay, serving more than 100 million daily active users. Specifically, we propose AlipayKG to explicitly characterize user intent, which is an offline concept knowledge graph in the Life-Service domain modeling the historical behaviors of users, the rich content interacted by users and the relations between them. We further introduce a Transformer-based model which integrates expert rules from the knowledge graph to infer the online user's next intent. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively enhance the performance of the downstream tasks while retaining explainability.

Capturing feature information effectively is of great importance in vision tasks. With the development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), concepts like residual connection and multiple scales promote continual performance gains on diverse deep learning vision tasks. However, the existing methods do not organically combined advantages of these valid ideas. In this paper, we propose a novel CNN architecture called GoogLe2Net, it consists of residual feature-reutilization inceptions (ResFRI) or split residual feature-reutilization inceptions (Split-ResFRI) which create transverse passages between adjacent groups of convolutional layers to enable features flow to latter processing branches and possess residual connections to better process information. Our GoogLe2Net is able to reutilize information captured by foregoing groups of convolutional layers and express multi-scale features at a fine-grained level, which improves performances in image classification. And the inception we proposed could be embedded into inception-like networks directly without any migration costs. Moreover, in experiments based on popular vision datasets, such as CIFAR10 (97.94%), CIFAR100 (85.91%) and Tiny Imagenet (70.54%), we obtain better results on image classification task compared with other modern models.

Despite some successful applications of goal-driven navigation, existing deep reinforcement learning-based approaches notoriously suffers from poor data efficiency issue. One of the reasons is that the goal information is decoupled from the perception module and directly introduced as a condition of decision-making, resulting in the goal-irrelevant features of the scene representation playing an adversary role during the learning process. In light of this, we present a novel Goal-guided Transformer-enabled reinforcement learning (GTRL) approach by considering the physical goal states as an input of the scene encoder for guiding the scene representation to couple with the goal information and realizing efficient autonomous navigation. More specifically, we propose a novel variant of the Vision Transformer as the backbone of the perception system, namely Goal-guided Transformer (GoT), and pre-train it with expert priors to boost the data efficiency. Subsequently, a reinforcement learning algorithm is instantiated for the decision-making system, taking the goal-oriented scene representation from the GoT as the input and generating decision commands. As a result, our approach motivates the scene representation to concentrate mainly on goal-relevant features, which substantially enhances the data efficiency of the DRL learning process, leading to superior navigation performance. Both simulation and real-world experimental results manifest the superiority of our approach in terms of data efficiency, performance, robustness, and sim-to-real generalization, compared with other state-of-art baselines. Demonstration videos are available at \colorb{https://youtu.be/93LGlGvaN0c.

Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, the stored knowledge in these models may inevitably be incomplete, out-of-date, or incorrect. This motivates the need to utilize external knowledge to assist LLMs. Unfortunately, current methods for incorporating external knowledge often require additional training or fine-tuning, which can be costly and may not be feasible for LLMs. To address this issue, we propose a novel post-processing approach, rethinking with retrieval (RR), which retrieves relevant external knowledge based on the decomposed reasoning steps obtained from the chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting. This lightweight approach does not require additional training or fine-tuning and is not limited by the input length of LLMs. We evaluate the effectiveness of RR through extensive experiments with GPT-3 on three complex reasoning tasks: commonsense reasoning, temporal reasoning, and tabular reasoning. Our results show that RR can produce more faithful explanations and improve the performance of LLMs.